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tech futures.Introduction to AI

Lesson 1: What is AI?

Text Prediction vs LLMs

Text prediction on your phone and LLMs are similar in that they are trained on text data (words and sentences) and use this to predict the next words in a sentence. However, there are differences in how the training is done, the amount of training data used, and what their capabilities are.

The scale of the computers used to train and power LLMs is massive compared to text prediction models. Often, these computers are in data centres, which are large buildings full of computers that are used to store and process data. You can click through the images below to see some photos taken inside and outside of data centres.

A server rack with many powerful computers on it (Source: Unsplash)
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The table below summarises the key differences between text prediction and LLMs.

Text prediction on your phoneLLMs
Tiny model (a few megabytes). Looks at only 1-3 previous words. Optimised for speed and accuracy. Rarely invents new ideas.Massive models built using deep learning (lots of neural networks). Understand full conversations and long context.
Looks at: 1-3 wordsLooks at: many paragraphs or full conversations
Model size: a few megabytesModel size: many gigabytes (stored on server computers, usually in data centres)
Runs locally on your phone; no internet neededRuns on powerful server computers
Predicts the next word based on how common they appear in training dataGenerates new ideas, explanations, reasoning, and creative text

You'll learn much more about how LLMs work in future lessons in this course.